ANTY - Anthropology

ANTY 101D Anthropology and the Human Experience: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

(F, Sp) Comparative focus on human behavior and human cultural systems from the local to global levels. The nature and sources of diversity associated with the human experience are explored and reinforced using examples from archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistics.

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate basic knowledge of each of the four subfields of anthropology;
Explain and apply core anthropogical concepts and theories;
Critically assess cross cultural diversity and social practices in the US and around the world;
Understand the holistic nature of anthropological research and practice;
Develop a preliminary understanding of anthropogical research methods in each of the four subfields of anthropology.

ANTY 212CS Bones, Apes, and Ancestors: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

Exploration of human biological evolution from an anthropological perspective, emphasizing scientific understanding through examination of important fossil discoveries and of the behavior and anatomy of living non-human primates, especially apes. Aimed particularly at students not majoring in anthropology.

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate an understanding of humankind's place in nature from anthropological, biological, and evolutionary perspectives;
Demonstrate a basic understanding of humankind's place in nature from the study of living nonhuman primates, especially the great apes;\\n
Demonstrate a basic understanding of the fossil record of human evolution, especially hominin evolution of the last 7 million years;\\n
Demonstrate the ability to research a topic in primatology and in paleoanthropology, using secondary and possibly primary sources, and present the research as a written paper.\\n

ANTY 215IS Human Prehistory: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

(F, Sp) Introduction to basic concepts and ideas about the biological and cultural evolution of human species. Topics include primate ancestors, human origins, evolutionary theory, genetics, archaeological interpretation, and cultural change from the earliest stone tools to the rise of ancient civilization.

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate an understanding of basics of evolution, genetics, primatology, paleoanthropology, human variability, and major cultural developments of the past.
Demonstrate an understanding of the scientific method and of basic research methods in biological anthropology and archaeology.\\n
Understand and apply academic research techniques to a project in biological or archaeological anthropology.\\n

ANTY 223IS Anthropology, Pop Culture, and Everyday Life: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

Introduction to basic principles and approaches of socio-cultural anthropology. Covers diverse thoughts, every day practices and popular culture in the world. Aimed particularly at students not majoring in Anthropology.

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate basic knowledge of sociocultural anthropological principles and practices\\n
Explain and apply core sociocultural anthropological approaches and concepts\\n
Assess and understand variations in cultural beliefs and social practices in the U.S. and around the world through interpretation of ethnographic and popular cultural materials\\n
Understand and explain interactive relationships in anthropological research, writing, and interpretation\\n
Understand and analyze critically popular cultural representations using anthropological theories and perspectives

ANTY 225IS Culture, Language, and Society: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

(F, Sp) The nature of culture through selected societies: symbolism and world view as related to cultural dynamics and representational forms. A survey of social practices, linguistic and cultural representations, exchange, identity, and the dynamics of power.

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate an intermediate-level knowledge of social anthropological, cultural anthropological and core linguistic principles and practices;
Explain and apply an historically diverse range of anthropological and linguistic theories and concepts;\\n
Assess and understand historical and structural consistencies and variations in the beliefs and practices that typify persons and social groups around the world through interpretation of primary sources;\\n
Explain the interactive relationships in anthropological research, writing, and interpretation;\\n
Apply research methods in an extended field project in social, cultural, or linguistic anthropology.

ANTY 242D Contemporary Japan: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

Introduction to major political, economic, social and cultural issues in contemporary Japanese society. On-going legacy of WW II, re-emerging nationalism, and backlash against ideas and institutions of "post-war democracy". Citizen activism on these issues in and outside Japan.

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate an introductory knowledge on post-WWII Japanese society.
Demonstrate an introductory understanding of contemporary politics, economy, society and culture of Japan.\\n
Demonstrate a critical understanding of diversity within Japan.
\\nUnderstand the historical and contemporary positioning of Japan in the world and its relation with the United States.\\n
Develop a skill to critically assess the media and online information on contemporary Japan.

ANTY 252IS Mysteries of the Past: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

Focuses on archaeological thinking and the use of the scientific method in archaeology. Examines a variety of archaeological and pseudo archaeological claims from this perspective.

View Course Outcomes:

Identify the origins and impact of archaeological stereotypes along with the role of the scientific method and its use in archaeology. \\n
Demonstrate a familiarity with a wide range of archaeological sites ranging in age from prehistoric to historic.
Critically examine the authenticity of archaeological sites and claims using the scientific method.
Apply basic archaeological principles to understanding the formation of the archaeological record (both locally and globally).

ANTY 290R Undergraduate Research: 1-6 Credits (1-6 Other)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 101D or ANTY 225IS. Undergraduate experiences for non-majors fulfilling their core research requirement. Course content is determined by the upper level anthropology course to which this class is linked and by student's interests. Upper level majors serve as research mentors. At least fifty percent of the course grade is based on library and field or laboratory research

ANTY 291 Special Topics: 1-4 Credits (1-4 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: None required but some may be determined necessary by each offering. Courses not required in any curriculum for which there is a particular one-time need, or given on a trial basis to determine acceptability and demand before requesting a regular course number
Repeatable up to 12 credits.

ANTY 292 Independent Study: 1-3 Credits (1-3 Other)

PREREQUISITE: Consent of instructor and approval of department head. Directed research and study on an individual basis
Repeatable up to 3 credits.

ANTY 313 Biological Anthropology: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. Human evolution and biology from an anthropological perspective: the fossil record, nonhuman primates, biological variation, and basic techniques of physical anthropology

View Course Outcomes:

Discuss genetic principles;
Analyze the major issues concerning human biological variation and adaptation
Explain living primates, including their classification, major behavioral patterns, and ecological adaptations
Explain the fossil record of human and non-human primate evolution
Write a research paper on a topic in biological anthropology using primary professional literature.

ANTY 315 Forensic Anthropology: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Detailed study of human cranial and post cranial skeletal anatomy. Analyses of skeletal materials for estimating sex, age at death, living stature, biological ancestry, cause of death, and other factors of forensic interest. Methods in the recovery of skeletal remains

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate a knowledge of human osteology: explain in detail the cranial and postcranial anatomy of the human skeleton;
Apply basic methods in forensic anthropology: apply the analytical methods of forensic anthropology. Primary among these are analyses of skeletal remains aimed at attribution of the sex, age at death, living stature, and biological ancestry;
Conduct hands-on inquiries and write a research paper on a topic in forensic anthropology supported with primary professional literature: Additional analyses include estimating the time since death and the cause of death. Other important topics include recovery scene methods, and legal and ethical responsibilities in forensic anthropology.

ANTY 327 Medical Anthropology: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: Junior standing, ANTY 215IS, ANTY 225IS. Anthropological research materials, their methodological treatment and theoretical grounding as applied to health-related practices in local and trans cultural contexts. Cultural constructions of diseases, intervention and treatment strategies, and the analysis of health concerns associated with globalization and accelerated culture change

View Course Outcomes:

Analyze and discuss cultural theories of illness, medical epistemology, and healing among several different cultures and cultural groups;
Explain how human bodies are culturally fashioned, the power relations that differentially shape those bodies, and the experiential realities that are an integral part of inhabiting such distinct bodies;
Explain the differences between/among theories of illness and health that purport to rely solely on principles of physical causation and theories grounded in social accord, in balanced relations among beings in an animate view of nature, and in non-corporeal causation;
Apply sound ethnographic and interpretative methods in a community-based field research project in medical anthropology.

ANTY 332 Native North America: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 225IS or consent of instructor. An anthropological view of native North American cultures from the perspective of the ethnographic present. Continental-wide diversity in native adaptations and life ways are examined along lines of anthropologically-defined culture areas

ANTY 336 Myth, Ritual and Religion: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: Junior standing, ANTY 225IS. Forms of religious representation and practice in cultural and historical context; from liminality and symbolic innovation to mythic charters and social transformations, cosmological scenarios and ritual forms are explored in this course

View Course Outcomes:

Explain the ways in which foundational myths, ritual forms, and religious practices are utilized to frame everyday experience and are operationalized in daily practice in various cultures;
Explore the ways in which religious beliefs and ritual practices significantly affect the practical activities of human actors in a variety of cultures
Explain the complex relationships that interrelate cultural imagination, framing beliefs of a religious/nomothetic nature, formalized rituals, and routine practices through a comparison of two or more cultures
Critically analyze materials expressive of religious beliefs and ritual practices as manifest in multiple communicative genres (ethnographic writing/film, pop-cultural materials, scientific studies, historical and fictional writing, etc.)
Critically assess the ways in which religious beliefs and ritual practices have different effects on the experiences of humans depending upon their situated identities within any culture (gender, age, rank, ethnicity, clan affiliation, etc.)

ANTY 337 Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Japan: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 225IS, or ANTY 242D or HSTR 140D, or HSTR 145D, or JPNS 150D, or SOCI 326, or WGSS 201IH, or consent of instructor. Dominant constructions of sex, gender and sexuality in contemporary Japanese society, and how such constructions are reinforced, contested or resisted in Japan. This includes interaction with race, ethnicity, class and other social and historical factors (e.g., colonialism, globalization)

View Course Outcomes:

Analyze and discuss the theories and practices of sex, gender, and sexuality by focusing on specific Asian societies;
Explain and apply anthropological approaches to the studies of sex, gender and sexuality in Asian societies and their relationship with other Asian societies and the United States;\\n
Assess and understand historical and contemporary ideologies and practices on sex, gender and sexuality, and their relationship with other identities such as race, ethnicity and class.\\n
Understand history of gender relations/sexual ideologies in contemporary Asian societies and overview history of women's, feminist, and queer movements in Asia;\\n
Understand and explain ethnographic politics and practices employed in works on sex, gender and sexuality in Asian societies, and how they enforce and/or challenge the dominant representations of Asian people and cultures;\\n
Understand and consistently apply critical analysis to the texts of a wide variety of communicative genres (ethnographic writings and films, social scientific studies, fictions, mass media articles and on-line resources).

ANTY 338 Contemporary Pacific Societies: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: Junior standing, ANTY 101D and ANTY 215IS. Current ethnological and theoretical considerations of creative cultural processes in relation to classical adaptations and world views of Pacific Island peoples

View Course Outcomes:

Explain life's experiences and adaptive strategies unique to Pacific people, either through ethnographic survey of the region or through the intensive study of one group of Pacific Islanders;
Demonstrate an understanding of the principal social identities and power relations that typify specific Pacific Islands residents both historically and in the contemporary era
Consistently apply critical analysis to the ethnographic writings, films, fictional works, and mass media sources depicting the Pacific, its environmental circumstances, political positioning, and the social and cultural practices of its residents
Describe, in depth, a set of beliefs and social practices in one or more Pacific society(ies) through a research paper grounded in an analysis of primary literature, film, and other indigenous/exogenous representations of Pacific environments and Pacific life

ANTY 343 Popular Culture - Japan: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 225IS, or ANTY 242D or HSTR 140D, or HSTR145D, or JPNS 150D, or SOCI 327, or consent of instructor. This course examines socio-historical and political meanings of mass/popular culture in our everyday lives in personal, local and global contexts. There is an emphasis on materials originating from or related to Japan including manga, anime, music, performance arts, food, fashion, the internet, toys and television

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate a basic understanding of contemporary popular culture in Japan.
Demonstrate an intermediate knowledge of contemporary society and culture in Japan.
Demonstrate a critical understanding of various political and social issues in post-WWII Japan through the lens of popular culture.
Develop a skill to critically analyze the contents of media and popular culture in/out of Japan.
Be exposed to and understand the recent academic literature on Japanese popular culture in English.

ANTY 348 Contemporary Africa: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 225IS or WGSS 120D. This course provides an overview of the major issues, debates, and theoretical frameworks that anthropologists engage with in the study of the African continent and diaspora
Repeatable up to 3 credits.

View Course Outcomes:

Articulate major theoretical perspectives within Africanist anthropology.
Gain historical perspective on African social, political, and economic structures from precolonial times to the present.
Engage in current intellectual debates surrounding contemporary phenomena on the continent and in the diaspora.

ANTY 350 Old World Prehistory: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. This course provides an understanding of the origins and development of human culture in the Old World (Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia) over the past three million years. The emphasis is on key theoretical and methodological developments in the archaeology and paleoanthropology of the Old World

ANTY 351 Archaeology of North America: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. Prehistoric cultural adaptations and developments in North America from the earliest archaeological evidence through historic times; basic archaeological methods and theory

ANTY 356 Archaeology of Southwest Asia: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. Examination of the archaeology of Southwest Asia from the earliest traces of humanity through the historical periods. An emphasis on key transitional developments including agricultural origins and the rise of complex societies

View Course Outcomes:

Identify the key archaeological cultures in Southwest Asia from the first settlement through the historical era.
Analyze the different interpretations surrounding important cultural developments (e.g., modern human origins, origins of agriculture, rise of urbanism) in Southwest Asia.
Contrast the different sources of information (e.g., archaeological data vs. textual data) and subsequent levels of interpretation for the historical periods in Southwest Asia.
Distinguish the range and different forms of human society (e.g., hunter-gatherers, farmers, urban dwellers, states) in Southwest Asia and their importance to understanding human cultural evolution.

ANTY 357 Foragers of Sub-Saharan Africa: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. Examination of the archaeology and ethnography of ancient and extant forager peoples in Sub-Sahara Africa. Considers varying research approaches and cross-cultural similarities and variability

View Course Outcomes:

identify and describe extant and ancient forager societies who inhabit(ed) sub-Saharan Africa.
explain the adaptations of extant and ancient forager peoples from various environmental settings, such as tropical rain forest and the Kalahari Desert
trace the cultural relationships between selected ancient and extant forager populations in various regions of sub-Saharan Africa
explain the theoretical and methodological linkages between archaeology and ethnography in the study of ancient and extant foragers populations in sub-Saharan Africa
design and carry out an effective research project on a topic pertaining to foragers of sub-Saharan Africa, including finding and reading relevant articles in professional journals and other publications, critically assessing and evaluating these primary sources, and synthesizing these materials in a written research paper

ANTY 358 The Archaeology of Ice and Snow: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. (Sp) This course is an examination of archaeology in permafrost areas, on glaciers, and alpine ice patches. Considers how these areas were used by Indigenous populations and their archeological relevance

View Course Outcomes:

Categorize and compare global finds from different types of frozen environments at different scales and from different periods.
Interpret and evaluate the relationship between changing climate and archaeological finds in ice and snow.
Contrast how changes in the processes above are impacting ancient (and modern) cultures.
Evaluate and critique new discoveries in the archaeology of ice and snow as they appear (and reappear) in the popular news cycles.

ANTY 359 Public Archaeology: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. (Sp) A seminar on public archaeology, the use of, and engagement with, the archaeological record for the broad benefit of citizens from all walks of life. Focuses on the broad audiences that contemporary archaeologists speak to, including communities, government agencies (tribal, local, state, federal), the media, fellow archaeologists (with many subspecialties), and scientists in other disciplines

View Course Outcomes:

Interpret and critique popular conceptions and presentations of archaeological content.
Discuss the mechanics of programmatically administered archaeology including demonstrating familiarity with the legislation driving it in the United States (US).
Compare heritage management in the US with approaches employed elsewhere in the world.
Summarize guidelines provided by federal agencies (e.g., NPS, BLM, USFS) as well as State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs), Tribal Historic Preservation Offices (THPOs), etc., and critically evaluate management recommendations.
Design arguments and reach cogent, concise, and justifiable conclusions.

ANTY 375 Anthropology of Humans and the Environment: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS. This course provides an overview of the human/environment interactions from diverse anthropological perspectives. Human impacts are examined from ancient, historical, and contemporary environments and at varying scales of social complexity

View Course Outcomes:

Apply anthropological and archaeological knowledge of diverse human adaptations to contemporary environmental concerns;
Understand the range of human cultural variation in terms of human use, management and cognition of natural resources and non-human species
Understand and evaluate the dominant anthropological theories and methodologies used to examine the relationship between humans, culture and the natural environment

ANTY 425R Social Organization: 3 Credits (3 Other)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 225IS or consent of instructor. Senior capstone course. An analysis of culturally relevant components of the social order in small-scale and complex societies, and local constructs of personal and group identity. Considers classical and recent approaches to interpersonal relationships and the organization of social life

ANTY 427 Anthropology of Gender: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 225IS or WGSS 201IH or SOCI 326 or consent of instructor. Examination of anthropological approaches to the studies of gender, and discussion of contemporary issues and topics related to gender and sexuality across cultures. Topics include construction of femininity and masculinity, kinship and family, sexualities, religion, globalization and activism

View Course Outcomes:

Acquire an understanding of the ways in which anthropologists study and explain gender and current issues and approaches to the topic;
Gain an appreciation of the nature of gender systems and their diversity;
Increase their knowledge of the relationships of gender systems to the rest of society and culture;
Demonstrate a familiarity with the anthropological literature and current research on the topic.

ANTY 428RS Anthropological Theory: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 225IS or consent of instructor. Senior capstone course. An analysis of theories of anthropological science within their social context of development; exploration and critique of representative classics

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate a capstone understanding of anthropological principles, theories, and critiques as they emerge historically through reading analyzing primary sources.
Explain and utilize a variety of anthropological theories, concepts, and critiques in a comparative and synthetic manner.\\n
Assess and understand anthropological theories in relation to their modes of production, distribution, and interpretation including the historical/social frames from which they emerge, the diverse societies they represent, and the groups/persons who (re) interpret them.\\n
Demonstrate understanding and consistent application of theoretical ideas and interpretive strategies in an extended research project on a past anthropological theorist or through a grounded theoretical interpretation of a field-based research project presented in oral, written, or alternative media form. Situate within the existing analytic and/or methodological literature in the field.\\n

ANTY 441 Social Movements & Community Activism: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 225IS or ANTY 242D or SOCI 101IS or WGSS 201IH, or consent of instructor. Examination of contemporary social movements and their historical antecedents from a global perspective. Discussion of the claims and organizational strategies of various movements, such as left and right wing, religious, environmental, feminist and queer movements, and the movements utilizing media and the internet. Department of Sociology & Anthropology

View Course Outcomes:

Gain knowledge on the historical antecedents of and the current situations of global social movements
Understand the importance of field-based research, oral history and the study of primary sources for the study of social movements
Be exposed to and understand the recent academic literature in anthropology on social movements
Understand and consistently apply critical analysis to the texts of a wide variety of communicative genres (ethnographic writings and films, social scientific studies, fictions, mass media articles and on-line resources)
Demonstrate the ability to write a research paper on a topic of social movements using anthropological, historical and other academic literature.

ANTY 450R Archaeological Theory: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. Examination of current methodological and theoretical issues in archaeology and how they are applied to our understanding of the past

View Course Outcomes:

Core Inquiry Outcomes:\\nUnderstanding of disciplinary methods, including the kinds of questions asked in the discipline and the methods that practitioners use to explore those questions
Demonstrate critical thinking skills within the field.
Demonstrate communication skills.
Course Outcomes:\\nDescribe the developmental history of archaeology as a discipline.
Understand the construction of archaeological questions and the types of data used to address these questions.
Assess current theory and methods and how these are used to enhance our understanding of the past.
Apply archaeological methods and theory in a student generated research paper.

ANTY 453 Zooarchaeology: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. The analysis of animal remains from archaeological sites, emphasizing mammal bones of taxa present at Montana archaeological sites. Hands-on learning of bone identification and the recognition of butchery marks and the like, and discussion of methodological and theoretical concepts and topics

View Course Outcomes:

Explain mammalian osteology and skeletal anatomy;
Explain avian and reptilian osteology;\\n

ANTY 454 Lithic Technology: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. This course examines prehistoric stone technology and the methodological and theoretical underpinnings of archaeological interpretation. The course material is conveyed through hands-on activities, individual analyses, and discussions of the theoretical foundations for archaeological interpretations

ANTY 467 Archaeological Field School: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or consent of instructor. (Su) A summer of archaeological field work at a location away from the University; training in excavation and laboratory methods. (Offered when funding available.)

View Course Outcomes:

Apply excavation and laboratory methods via a summer of archaeological field work at a location away from the University.
Demonstrate a basic level of proficiency in the methods of archaeological field excavation and recording.
Comprehend the relationship between field work and laboratory analysis.

ANTY 473 Language & Culture: 3 Credits (3 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: Junior standing, ANTY 225IS. Language as a subsystem of culture, fundamentals of linguistic analysis and the use of language in social contexts. Also explores relationships between perception and conception, thought and representation

View Course Outcomes:

Demonstrate an upper-level undergraduate knowledge of linguistic theories, principles and practices in phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
Explain an historically diverse array of theories and ideas about language and speech practices as they apply to cultural interactions in everyday life
Assess and understand historical, social, and contextual styles and variations in speech acts and performances that are typical of persons and social groups around the world
Understand the interpretative challenges encountered in linguistic research and writing through an interpretation of primary sources and explain such challenges in a synthetic written form
Understand and consistently apply research methods in small-scale exercises in phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics and in a 10-12 week research project in sociolinguistics. Situate within the existing literature in the field

ANTY 490R Undergraduate Research and Instruction: 1-6 Credits (1 Other)

Directed undergraduate research/creative activity which may culminate in a research paper, journal article, or undergraduate thesis. Course will address responsible conduct of research.
Repeatable up to 12 credits.

ANTY 491 Special Topics: 1-4 Credits (1-4 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: Course prerequisites as determined for each offering. Courses not required in any curriculum for which there is a particular one-time need, or given on a trial basis to determine acceptability and demand before requesting a regular course number
Repeatable up to 12 credits.

ANTY 492 Independent Study: 1-3 Credits (1-3 Other)

PREREQUISITE: Junior standing, consent of instructor and approval of department head. Directed study on an individual basis
Repeatable up to 6 credits.

ANTY 494 Seminar: 1-12 Credits (1-12 Other)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 215IS or ANTY 225IS or consent of instructor. Topics offered at the upper division level which are not covered in regular courses. Students participate in preparing and presenting discussion material
Repeatable up to 12 credits.

ANTY 495 Field Experience: 1-9 Credits (1-9 Lec)

PREREQUISITE: ANTY 101D or consent of instructor. A summer of anthropological field work at a location away from the University; training in appropriate field methods. (Offered when funding available.)
Repeatable up to 9 credits.

ANTY 591 Special Topics: 1-4 Credits (1-4 Lec)

ANTY 592 Independent Study: 1-3 Credits (1-3 Other)

PREREQUISITE: Graduate standing, consent of instructor, approval of department head and Dean of Graduate Studies. Directed research and study on an individual basis
Repeatable up to 4 credits.